European Journal of Dental and Oral Health

Comparative In Vitro Study of the Effect of Chlorhexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite on the Colonization of Delayed-Setting Resin by Candida Albicans

Fatima Zahra Ghazzar — 2024-01-13

Objectives: The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of aseptic solutions based on chlorhexidine, a combination of chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride, and sodium hypochlorite on the colonization of delayed-setting resins by Candida albicans, and to establish a prosthetic hygiene protocol.

Materials and Methods: 100 samples were made from acrylic resin, standardized to 40 mm × 12 mm × 3 mm, and relined with Kerr® FITT late-cure resin. These were contaminated with a solution containing Candida albicans ATCC 10231, then divided into four groups: (group 1 control), (group 2 Chlorhexidine 0.2%), (group 3 Chlorhexidine 0.12% + cetylpyridinium chloride 0.5%) and (group 4 NaOCl 0.5%). After soaking in the aseptic solutions, the number of CFU/mm² was determined.

Results: The results of this experiment demonstrated the sensitivity of Candida albicans to 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, 0.2% chlorhexidine and 0.12% chlorhexidine in combination with cetylpyridinium chloride, as well as to 0.008 CFU/mm², 0.0226 CFU/mm² and 0.0372 CFU/mm², respectively.

Conclusion: The 0.12% chlorhexidine formulation combined with 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride provides the clinical efficacy of chlorhexidine while avoiding adverse effects, and therefore appears to be the best compromise between efficacy and absence of toxicity.

Class III Malocclusion Treated with an Orthopedic Protraction Face Mask During Mixed Dentition, Followed by Invisalign Aligners to Correct Anterior Crossbite Occurring after Relapse During Adolescence

Salvador García-López — 2024-12-23

An eight-year-old male patient presented with a class III malocclusion on a skeletal class III pattern with an average lower face height, an anterior crossbite, slightly anterior lower crowding, and good oral hygiene; the parents were concerned about his crossbite. The aim of treatment was to correct the anteroposterior discrepancy by using a face mask during the 12-month mixed dentition period, during which the patient achieved a good result. However, after seven years of retention, the patient presented an anterior crossbite with a skeletal class I pattern and an average lower face height. He decided to wear clear aligners for treatment; 28 sets of clear aligners, which were changed every two weeks for twelve months, were necessary to achieve anterior crossbite correction.

Acknowledgment and Attitude of Dental Students About Fillers as a Non-Surgical Esthetic Procedure

Halah Khaleel Ahmed — 2024-11-21

Introduction: Hyaluronic acid dermal fillers are widely accepted today in order to improve appearance or to oppose the aging process, especially in females.

Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the Acknowledgment of the adverse effects of lip filler among dental students in government dental colleges and private departments of dentistry.

Material and Methods: An online self-structured questionnaire of three domains comprising fourteen items, the first domain covered demographic data (gender, age. Type of education, academic year and working status), the second domain consisted of five items (the primary source of information about dermal filler, the most often occurring side effect, the most common site where the adverse consequence of filler appear in. The main cause of complications and the possible reason for doing lip filler). The last domain, which is the attitude towards dermal fillers consisted of four items having had a dermal filler injection before, the person you agreed to expert this non-surgical procedure, whether the doctor or expert person, the possible indication to use dermal fillers in dental clinics.

Results: The majority of students who answered the questionnaire were from private departments; the percentage of females is higher than that of males; the highest number of participants were second-year students. Swelling is the most common side effect of dermal filler, and the vast majority of students prefer to have this nonsurgical procedure performed by a doctor and not by an experienced person in the aesthetic field.

Conclusions: Most complications are associated with injection technique, volume, placement, and sterility. Every procedure should take into account a small, slow injection combined with massage to introduce the product evenly and gently.

The Success Rate of Dental Implants in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. A Systematic Review

Ozair Erfan — 2024-12-19

Purpose: Diabetes has always been a challenge in implant treatment. The hyperglycemia present in diabetic individuals negatively affects bone healing, and with an increased risk of osteoporosis and delayed wound healing, it impacts the success rate of implants. However, implants in diabetic patients with controlled diabetes have a high success rate similar to that of non-diabetic individuals. This study aims to determine the success rate of dental implants in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods: Based on PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review included 23 articles, comprising ten articles from the PubMed database and 13 articles from the Google Scholar database. The search strategy included terms related to dental implants in diabetic patients, and the performance of articles was examined systematically.

Results: Overall, the success rate of dental implants in individuals with type 2 diabetes in the articles included in this study was 93.67%, and the failure rate was 6.33%. Specifically, the average HbA1c was 7.26%, the average age was 52.41 years, the average number of implants was 1.91, and the duration of diabetes in individuals included in this study was 7.46 years. Therefore, factors such as HbA1c, age, number of implants, duration of diabetes, and blood sugar control (whether controlled or uncontrolled) are reasons for the similarities and differences in the success rate of implants in patients with type 2 diabetes. An increase in these factors leads to a higher rate of dental implant failure in these individuals (due to delayed wound healing, weakened immune system, and increased susceptibility to osteoporosis and infections). While the first three factors were reasons for the differences in implant success rates between diabetic and non-diabetic groups, the success rate for non-diabetic individuals included in this study was 98.68%, and the failure rate was 1.32%. The average HbA1c was about 5.39%, the average age was 49.98 years, and the average number of implants was 1.63.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this systematic review aimed to determine the success rate of dental implants in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our findings indicate that dental implants in patients with controlled type 2 diabetes have a high success rate similar to non-diabetic patients. However, in patients with poorly controlled diabetes, the success rate decreases significantly. Therefore, the controlled blood sugar, HbA1c level, age, number of implants and the duration of diabetes are crucial factors in achieving a high success rate in diabetic patients.

The PKR-T2DM-Apoptosis-Inflammation Axis: An Insightful Review Supporting the Role of the Axis in Periodontal Disease

Suresh Rao — 2024-09-23

Protein kinase R (PKR) has emerged as a critical regulator in the pathogenesis of both diabetes and periodontal diseases. PKR, a serine/threonine protein kinase, is activated in response to various stress signals, including viral infections, metabolic disturbances, and inflammatory cytokines. Understanding the role of PKR in the context of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), apoptosis, and inflammation in periodontal diseases can provide insights into periodontal disease pathophysiology and help formulate novel therapeutic strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the PKR-T2DMapoptosis-inflammation axis in periodontal diseases, detailing the structure and function of PKR, the impact of diabetes on periodontal health, the mechanisms of apoptosis and inflammation in periodontal tissues, and the potential therapeutic implications.